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<title>International-Journal-of-Biomedical-Investigation-ISSUE VOLUME Volume 7 ISSUE Issue 1</title>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/rss-feed.php</link>
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International-Journal-of-Biomedical-Investigation: VOLUME Volume 7 ISSUE Issue 1, Jan-June 2024
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<managingEditor>editor@edwiserinternational.com</managingEditor>
<webMaster>editor@edwiserinternational.com</webMaster>
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<title>International-Journal-of-Biomedical-Investigation-ISSUE VOLUME Volume 7 ISSUE Issue 1</title>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/rss-feed.php</link>
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		<title>Reaction-mechanism-of-a-new-variant-of-selective-reduction-using-sodium-borohydride-NaBH4-and-iodine-I2-</title>
		<pubDate>04-Sep-2024</pubDate>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/vgDUcW.pdf</link>
		<author>Olawale-Hakeem-Oladimeji-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Reduction is one of the major chemical processes that takes place in life and laboratory as observed in photosynthesis (carbohydrates) and addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated compounds (alkenes, alkynes and carbonyls) respectively.Objectives: A reaction mechanism is proposed for a new variant of selective reduction using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and iodine (I2).Methodology: Three compounds namely, gallic acid, vanillin and caffeic acid were separately reduced by sodium borohydride in iodine and the obtained products identified.Results: The identities of the reduced products had been revealed to be 3, 4, 5-trihydoxycyclohexyl methanol, o-methoxy-p-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol and 1-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-propen-3-ol (3, 4-benzenediol-2-propen-3-ol respectively in previously documented studies. Expectedly, the first two start-up compounds had their carbonyls (-C= O) groups reduced. In addition, the aromatic endocyclic double bonds (-Ar-C= C) were similarly reduced which introduced a new twist (variant) to this particular reduction hence the essence of the proposed reaction mechanism. However, the third compound had only its -C= O reduced while the double bonds (endocyclic and exocyclic) were left unreduced.Conclusion: The reaction mechanism for this variant of reduction shows that the associated electromeric and hyper-conjugation effects are resonance- stabilized in the transfer of electrons and or bonds over the carbon atom positions in the gallic acid which also serves as a reference for vanillin. This reaction mechanism is given trivial appellation- Olawale reduction mechanism. ]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Structure-based-virtual-screening-approach-for-identifying-DNA-gyrase-inhibitors-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-</title>
		<pubDate>04-Sep-2024</pubDate>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/qawXtW.pdf</link>
		<author>Surega-A-and-Annapoorna-Vadivelu</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[To combat drug resistance tuberculosis, new drugs and methodologies are emerging. The present study focuses on identifying new chemical entity with potent DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase enzyme, which encodes two subunits namely gyrA and gyrB, former contains tyrosine active site, which is essential for cleavage and relegation of DNA, while the latter is required for ATP hydrolysis. A small library of 485 compounds were designed and docked into DNA gyrase core in order to identify the potential inhibitor against target enzyme. Molecular docking was performed by using Glide. The crystal structures of the target were retrieved from RCSB PDB. The docking was performed by 3 modes namely HTVS, SP and XP. Prime MM-GBSA was used to calculate binding affinity and energy interactions are studied and hydrogen bond distance was calculated. All the designed compounds showed significant activity with A34 and A232 displaying maximum binding score.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Protein-analysis-and-digestibility-of-few-pulses-consumed-in-Indore-region</title>
		<pubDate>04-Sep-2024</pubDate>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/P7qOpC.pdf</link>
		<author>Tiwari-R-Dave-M-Dawar-D-et-al</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Pulses are known as a good source of protein in daily diet. These are cheap and easily available protein options ranging from Rs. 71-156 per kg. The three pulses or dal viz., split Mung (Vigna radiata, 2n=14), Tuvar (Cajanus indicus, 2n=22), and split Urad (Vigna mungo, 2n=22) were tested for comparative protein analysis and their digestibility in this work. Methods: Aqueous extracts of all three pulse samples were prepared by homogenization. The Folin-Lowry method was employed for protein quantification in all the samples. SDS-PAGE was carried out for pulse protein profiling. The in-vitro digestibility of pulses was evaluated by the Biuret method and agar well diffusion assay. Results: The results confirmed that the protein content (18.46mg/100ml) and digestibility of split Mung were the highest as compared to the other two pulses. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that split Mung dal showed maximum and 5 different types of protein bands ranging from 20 to 63 kDa revealing its richness in protein quality. The recommended daily intake of protein is 15 gm from 100 gm of pulses and our results showed the highest protein content in split Mung (14%). The differences in in-vitro protein digestibility of the three pulses after being incubated with trypsin were observed in the Biuret assay. The split Mung sample exhibited the maximum level of light purple color development, which was confirmed through comparison with the control. The protein in split Mung was easily broken down by trypsin, as indicated by the appearance of a well defined zone on the agar plate.Conclusion: Mung dal is a suitable protein source for the general population, individuals with health conditions, and those who prioritize their health. This is because it contains a significant amount of protein that is of excellent quality and easy to digest.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Identification-of-potential-inhibitors-of-PTEN-tumor-suppressor-gene-from-phytochemical-constituents-found-in-tomato-Solanum-lycopersicum-via-biocomputational-analysis-</title>
		<pubDate>04-Sep-2024</pubDate>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/FNa849.pdf</link>
		<author>Majumder-A-Ghorui-S-Sengupta-S-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[The research investigates the potential of phytochemical constituents found in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) to inhibit the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer, primarily adenocarcinomas, is often linked to genetic mutations, particularly in the PTEN gene, which is crucial for regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study leverages biocomputational analysis to identify bioactive compounds in tomato peel, pulp, and seeds that could serve as alternative inhibitors to the PTEN gene, comparing their efficacy to the control drug Lenvatinib mesylate. The methodology involved preparing the PTEN protein structure, retrieving phytochemicals from tomatoes, and performing molecular docking to assess binding affinities. The top three ligands from each tomato component were selected based on their binding energies and underwent ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis to evaluate their drug-likeness. Results indicated that several tomato-derived compounds exhibit binding energies comparable to or better than Lenvatinib mesylate, suggesting potential as natural therapeutic agents. The study concludes that tomato phytochemicals, particularly those with high binding affinities, hold promise for developing dietary supplements aimed at treating endometrial cancer with potentially fewer side effects than conventional drugs.]]>}</description>
		</item><item>
		<title>Inulin-or-human-milk-oligosaccharides-in-the-management-of-gastrointestinal-symptoms-in-children-with-autism-a-randomised-comparative-trial-</title>
		<pubDate>04-Sep-2024</pubDate>
<link>http://ijbi.edwiserinternational.com/admin/uploads/J8NDvS.pdf</link>
		<author>Mittal-L-Gupta-N-Srivastava-R-et-al-</author>
		<comments>{http://www.edwiserinternational.com/contact-us.php}</comments>
		<category>Pharmaceutical Science,Medical Science</category>
		<description>{<![CDATA[Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities are concurrent symptoms that are commonly found in children with autism. They possess a lower overall abundance of beneficial taxa, in the GI microbiota. Prebiotics, such as Inulin & Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria, in the GI tract and provide numerous health benefits. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the beneficial effects of Inulin and Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) in managing gut health issues in autistic children age group 4-10 years. Materials and Methods: This was an open randomized trail undertaken from December 2022 to May 2023. Sixty children diagnosed with autism with gut-related issues with ROME III criteria were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received 1 gram of HMO daily and Group B received 0.8 grams of inulin daily for 12 weeks. Ethical clearance was obtained, and study is registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the children before enrolment. Data at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks were collected. Total Score between two interventions was analyzed by using student test and comparison of each GI symptoms was done by Mann-Whitney U test. P value less than 0.05 was considered ads significant. Results: There was significant difference between the mean values of the total scores on ROME Criteria III of Inulin and HMO groups at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of the intervention (p ]]>}</description>
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